the camera

1. The Camera Obscura Effect was the first way of capturing an image. By focusing light through a small hole, a projection was put, upside-down, on the wall outside the hole.

2. The glass lens was invented, by Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens, in the 17th century and was a large step closer to modern cameras.

3. The part of the first modern camera, invented by Niepce, was film. It was made so that the photographs could be physically captured.

4. Niepce's camera and the modern camera still function in very similar ways. The light travels into the lens, through the camera, and exposes the film.

5. Digital cameras use electronic sensors that create digital film.

6. The difference between Auto and Program mode is that the photographer has more control over flash and other settings when using Program mode. Unlike Auto mode, that gives the photographer no control over flash or exposure, it takes care of those things on its own.

7. Portrait mode is used for taking photos of objects without any other distractions. Portrait mode blurs out the background and focuses on the subject.

8. Sports mode is used to take action-shots. It uses a very fast shutter speed, meaning it stops motion in a way. The shutter speed determines how long the camera will let light into it. If the shutter speed is slow (long), it will capture a lot more movement. Rather than a fast (short) shutter speed, which will capture very little movement.

9. A half press has many positive outcomes for the photographer. Such as, quicker reaction time from the camera, the camera locks focus on the subject, and better more accurate composition.

10. This symbol means, disabled or no flash. Many photos were not taken with flash because sometimes they are better when they utilize the natural light.

11. This symbol means, auto-flash. The camera will automatically use the flash when it senses that more light is needed in the photo.

12. If the picture is overexposed (has too much light), the photo is washed out and nothing is seen but white.

13. If the photo is underexposed (not enough light), then the photo will be too dark to make out.

14. A "stop" is a relative change in the brightness of light.

15. If there were two suns instead of one, the planet would be +1 stop brighter.

16. If there were four suns instead of two, the planet would be +2 stops brighter.

17. The effect of a longer shutter speed is that the camera lets in a lot more light.

18. The effect of a short shutter speed is that the camera lets in less light than a longer shutter speed would.

19. The aperture controls how much light is let through.

20. To increase the amount of light when using the aperture, you can make smaller F-stops, creating larger openings, increasing the light let in.